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T315- Effects of Etlingera elatior Inflorescence on The Body Weight, Organ Index, and Ulcer Index of Ethanol Induced Wistar Rats, The Phytochemical Profile, and in Silico Study Towards Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (Deshanda Kurniawan Prayoga; Prof. Dr. Jutti Levita, M.Si; Dr. Diah Lia Aulifa, M.Si; Arif Budiman, M.Si., Ph.D)

Gastric ulcers are prevalent conditions resulting from disrupting the stomach’s
protective lining, with a global lifetime risk ranging ...

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  • Perpustakaan
    Fakultas Farmasi
    Judul Seri
    -
    No. Panggil
    T315
    Penerbit Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Padjadjaran : Jatinangor.,
    Deskripsi Fisik
    -
    Bahasa
    English
    ISBN/ISSN
    -
    Klasifikasi
    T315
    Tipe Isi
    -
    Tipe Media
    -
    Tipe Pembawa
    -
    Edisi
    -
    Subyek
    -
    Info Detil Spesifik
    -
    Pernyataan Tanggungjawab
  • Gastric ulcers are prevalent conditions resulting from disrupting the stomach’s
    protective lining, with a global lifetime risk ranging between 5-10%. Various
    factors contribute to ulcer formation, including Helicobacter pylori infection,
    prolonged NSAID use, and unhealthy lifestyle. Complications like perforation and
    gastric obstruction can occur, and ethanol consumption exacerbates the condition
    by promoting oxidative stress and inflammation through increased nitric oxide
    production. Current treatment approaches, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
    and histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), have limitations, such as diarrhea,
    constipation, headaches, and gastrointestinal infections. Patients on long-term PPI
    therapy are required to take calcium supplements to prevent the risk of fractures in
    older adults. Given these challenges, there is increasing interest in natural products
    as alternative therapies. An earlier study of Etlingera elatior (torch ginger) has
    shown promising anti-ulcer effects due to its rich flavonoids, anthocyanins, and
    phenolics, which contribute to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. This
    study aims to explore the anti-ulcer mechanisms of E. elatior through
    comprehensive in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo approaches, providing scientific
    insights for potential natural ulcer treatments.
    Etlingera elatior inflorescence extract (EEIE) was obtained through a maceration
    process. Inflorescence was dried using an oven at 45˚C. After drying, the
    inflorescence was ground into powder and then extracted at room temperature with
    70% ethanol solvent for 3 × 24 hours. The resulting macerate was filtered and the
    solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator at 50˚C until it exhibited a reddish
    hue and had a delicate thick consistency, emitting a distinct scent reminiscent of
    ginger. The yield of the EEIE was 20.2%, respectively. The extract was analyzed
    for its nutritional composition, vitamin C, total anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-O
    glucoside (C3G), quercetin, and rutin contents, to ensure its quality. Nutritional
    composition showed that EEIE contained 20.41% water, 14.37% ash, 0.99% fat,
    v
    21.81% crude protein, and 38.27% carbohydrate. The total anthocyanin and vitamin
    C levels were 47.535 mg/100 g and 985.250 mg/100 g, respectively. C3G,
    quercetin, and rutin content in EEIE determined using the standard addition method,
    were 0.0007% w/w, 0.004% w/w, and 0.0005% w/w, respectively.
    The phytoconstituents of EEIE, as described in previous studies, were evaluated for
    their drug-likeness and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion,
    and toxicity) properties. Molecular docking simulations assessed the binding mode
    and affinity, focusing on binding energy, inhibition constant, hydrogen bonding, and
    hydrophobic interactions. The top docked poses underwent 100 ns molecular
    dynamics (MD) simulations using GROMACS software to analyze stability
    through RMSD, RMSF, SASA, radius of gyration, and interaction dynamics.
    Among ten phytoconstituents, cyanidin 3-o-glucoside, cyanidin,
    demethoxycurcumin, and quercetin exhibited the strongest binding affinity to
    human iNOS with binding energies -8.10, -7.64, 8.49, 7.44 kcal/mol, respectively.
    All flavonoids occupied the catalytic site by interacting with Glu377 and Trp372,
    similar to known inhibitors SEITU and quinazoline. The drug-likeness and ADMET
    properties indicated that most flavonoids adhered to Lipinski’s Rule of Five (Ro5)
    with minimal violations. The RMSD and RMSF graphs from the MD simulation
    confirmed the stability of the cyanidin 3-o-glucoside/iNOS complexes.
    To assess the gastroprotective effects of EEIE, rats were induced with 70% ethanol
    (1 ml/animal per oral or 5 ml/kg) on the final day of treatment (day 10), excluding
    the normal control group. The percentage of weight gain, feed residues, stomach
    and intestine ratios, and ulcer index were analyzed using SPSS. The results showed
    that EEIE provided significant stomach protection, with the 750 mg/kg BW dose
    offering 100% protection, similar to the positive control (p

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